Policy background The Nationality and Borders Act 2022
The Nationality and Borders Act 2022 ("the 2022 Act") introduced new measures to protect and support those in need of asylum, to deter illegal entry into the UK and to remove more easily from the UK those with no right to be in the UK. The intended cumulative impact of these measures is to dissuade migrants from considering using criminal smugglers to facilitate dangerous and illegal journeys to the UK and therefore to reduce the number of dangerous journeys from safe countries.
	Following the end of the EU Transition period (on 31 December 2020), changes to the Immigration Rules were brought into effect which amended legal powers to treat cases as inadmissible (that is, the UK does not take responsibility for assessing the asylum claim) where individuals have passed through safe countries or have connections to a safe country where they could have made a claim for asylum. Through the 2022 Act, inadmissibility rules were clarified and placed into primary legislation. This was aimed at encouraging asylum seekers to claim asylum in the first safe country they reach and to deter onward travel to the UK.
	The 2022 Act also enhanced the enforcement capability of the Home Office by enabling the Department to exclude serious offenders from the National Referral Mechanism (the NRM system for identifying and supporting victims of modern slavery) on public order grounds. It also introduced expedited appeals processes to tackle the mischief of late and opportunistic legal claims. A number of provisions of the 2022 Act came into force on 28 June 2002, 30 January 2023 and 10 May 2023.