109.Sections 59 and 95: Financial penalties. These sections apply respectively to the electricity and gas sectors. They introduce a power for the Authority to impose financial penalties on companies for past and current contraventions of their licence conditions, of other specified statutory requirements, and of standards of performance (both overall - i.e. aggregate - standards and standards set to apply in individual cases). The power gives the Authority an additional mechanism for ensuring compliance with these conditions, requirements and standards of performance, and for deterring future contraventions. The power does not apply to contraventions committed before the power comes into effect. Receipts from financial penalties will be paid into the Consolidated Fund.
110.The new power will operate alongside the Authority's existing powers to make orders requiring compliance where non-compliance is continuing or likely, but is not to be tied to them. Hence, a financial penalty may be imposed alongside a provisional or final order, or equally, where no enforcement order has been issued (this might be, for example, where a contravention has already taken place but did not come to the Authority’s attention at the time). Where enforcement action has been initiated, penalties can only be imposed within specified periods after the making or confirmation of enforcement orders. Otherwise, penalties can only be imposed within a 12 month period after the contravention in question unless notice of intention to impose a penalty or of investigation of the contravention are served within that period.
111.The penalty will be limited to an amount which is reasonable in all the circumstances of the case, but which cannot in any case exceed 10% of the turnover of the licence holder. The relevant definition of turnover will be set out in an order to be made by the Secretary of State by affirmative resolution. The Authority cannot impose a penalty under these provisions where it is satisfied that the most appropriate way of proceeding is under powers in the Competition Act 1998. In addition, the Authority is to be required to consult on and publish its policies with regard to the imposition and amount of a penalty, and then to take account of those policies. The company may apply to the Authority to pay a penalty in instalments.
112.There are procedural requirements to be followed for the imposition of a penalty. These include:
	requirements on the Authority to publicise its intentions, give notices with prescribed information, and receive and consider comments from interested parties;
	procedures for modifying the penalty in the light of representations; and
	procedures for notifying the company concerned and interested parties of the final decision on the imposition of a penalty.
113.The company may also make an application to the court to challenge the validity of a penalty order on certain prescribed grounds. The grounds are that procedural requirements have not been followed and that this has substantially prejudiced the company’s interests, or that the imposition of the penalty, including its amount, was not within the Authority's powers. The requirement to pay a penalty is suspended until the case is determined. The court may cancel or reduce the penalty or extend the timescale to pay. It may also require interest to be paid on the penalty, including on a reduced penalty.
114.In the gas sector, the existing power to impose a monetary penalty as part of a final order imposed by the regulator under section 28(7A) of the 1986 Act as amended, which is superseded by the new power, is repealed.
115.Sections 60 and 96: Licence enforcement. These sections which apply to electricity and gas respectively, make minor amendments to existing enforcement provisions to give the Authority greater discretion to make enforcement orders in certain situations where they would previously have been precluded from doing so. They also accelerate the enforcement process by reducing the period for making representations in response to a notice of intention to make an order from 28 days to 21 days. This aligns the time periods for making representations in relation to enforcement orders with those which apply in relation to financial penalties. The changes will not apply to orders made before the entry into force of the new provisions.
116.At present, the regulator cannot make or confirm an enforcement order in respect of a contravention where he is satisfied that he is precluded by his general duties from doing so; where the company has agreed to take and is taking steps to remedy the contravention; where the contraventions in question are trivial; or where he is satisfied that the Competition Act 1998 is the most appropriate way of proceeding. The Act changes this prohibition on action into a discretion not to take action in cases where the contravention was trivial or where the company was taking steps to comply. The Authority will not be compelled to make an enforcement order in such circumstances, but would be able to do so if it considered it appropriate.
Commentary on Sections Part Iv: Amendment of the Electricity Act 1989 Sections 59 - 60, and 95 - 96: Enforcement of obligations of electricity and gas licence holders