Background Court and tribunal fees
104.On 26 March 2013 the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice announced his intention to explore proposals for the reform of the resourcing and administration of courts and tribunals (House of Commons, Official Report, column 95WS; House of Lords, Official Report, column WS84 to WS85). This included the contributions litigants make to proceedings and the necessity of raising revenue and investment to modernise court and tribunal infrastructure and deliver a better and more flexible service to court users.
105.The civil and family courts in England and Wales are mostly funded by court fees paid by those people using court services. Fees are charged in the civil and family courts and in some tribunals. For example fees are charged in civil courts for those making money and possession claims, and in family courts for those seeking divorce and for proceedings relating to the arrangements for separating couples, including financial provision and the arrangements for looking after their children. The cost of running the civil and family courts in England and Wales is approximately £600m a year. In 2012/13, 81 per cent of this amount was funded through court fees. The remaining 19 per cent was met by the taxpayer. A system of remissions (fee waivers) exists to ensure that those unable to afford fees are not denied access to justice. As part of Spending Review 2010 the Ministry of Justice is committed to delivering, by 2014/15, a fee strategy that delivers full-cost recovery in the civil and family courts, excluding remissions.
106.The Court of Protection is a specialist court which deals with all issues relating to people who lack capacity to make specific decisions in England and Wales. It can make decisions and appoint deputies to make decisions about someone’s property and financial affairs or their healthcare and personal welfare. The Court of Protection can also decide on where a person should live and, in cases where a person lacks capacity, can give consent to medical treatment and decide on what treatment that person should have.
107.The Office of the Public Guardian is an Executive Agency of the Ministry of Justice with responsibilities that extend across England and Wales. It supports the Public Guardian with the registration of Lasting Powers of Attorney (LPA) (and older Enduring Powers of Attorney (EPA)), the supervision of deputies appointed by the Court of Protection, and the investigation of any concerns about the way an attorney or deputy is acting.
108.Section 180 provides the Lord Chancellor with a general power, subject to the agreement of the Treasury, to charge fees above cost when prescribing fees under specified enactments for services provided by the civil and family courts, the Court of Protection, the Office of the Public Guardian and tribunals.  The purpose of charging enhanced fees is to ensure that the courts and tribunals are adequately resourced. In using this power, the Lord Chancellor is required to have regard to:
	the financial position of the courts and tribunals; and
	the competitiveness of the legal services market.
109.On 3 December 2013, the Government set out its detailed proposals for using the power to set enhanced fees in the consultation paper Court fees: Proposals for reform.(49) This sought views on a series of proposals for charging enhanced fees, including for money claims, in commercial proceedings and for divorce, alongside proposals for reducing the current deficit of £100 million in the cost of running the Courts and Tribunals Service. The consultation closed on 21 January 2014.