Financial sanctions
The UN requires financial sanctions to be imposed under Article 41 of the UN Charter. This sets out that the Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the UN to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations.
	The legal basis for EU financial sanctions regimes is Article 215 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. This Article sets out that the Council may, on receipt of a proposal from the High Representative for Foreign Affairs, interrupt or reduce financial or economic relations with third countries. This proposal might be prompted by a UN Resolution or the concerns of member States. The Council will then do so by way of a Decision or Regulation.
	Section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972 ("the 1972 Act") enables provision to be made for the enforcement of all EU financial sanctions regulations. For example, the Ukraine (European Union Financial Sanctions) Regulations 2014 (SI 2014/507) provides for asset freezes in relation to individuals and entities listed under the EU Council Regulation 208/2014.
	The UK has also enacted domestic legislation to impose financial sanctions regimes, such as Part 2 of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 and Schedule 7 to the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008.
	DPAs were introduced by section 45 of and Schedule 17 to the Crime and Courts Act 2013 ("the 2013 Act"). (They only extend to England and Wales (see section 61(12) and 61(13)(g) of the 2013 Act).)
	SCPOs were introduced by Part 1 of the Serious Crime Act 2007 ("the 2007 Act") in England and Wales and Northern Ireland. Section 46 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Serious Crime Act 2015 (which came into force on 1 March 2016), extended the provisions in Part 1 of the 2007 Act to Scotland.