Commentary on Sections Background Section 20: Approved regulators and relevant approved regulators
79.This section defines “approved regulator” and “relevant approved regulator”, and introduces Schedule 4, which concerns the designation of bodies as approved regulators.
80.Part 1 of Schedule 4 lists the bodies which automatically became approved regulators when the Act came into force. The regulatory arrangements for these bodies are to be treated as having been approved by the Board at the time paragraph 1 comes into force. Sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 2 makes it clear that the Board may exercise its power to direct a regulator to alter its regulatory arrangements even where the regulator and its regulatory arrangements are approved under this paragraph.
81.Part 2 of the Schedule makes provision regarding the procedure to be followed by bodies applying for designation as an approved regulator in respect of a reserved legal activity.
82.The Schedule details the material that must accompany an application and provides that the application must be accompanied by a prescribed fee, set by the Board with the consent of the Lord Chancellor.
83.The Board is required to make rules setting out the criteria by which it may refuse to consider an application. Where the Board decides to refuse to consider the application further, it must give notice to the applicant of its decision and the reasons behind it.
84.Where the Board proceeds to consider the application, it has a duty to seek advice before granting the application. Paragraph 5 requires that the Board must give a copy of the application and accompanying material to:
	the Office of Fair Trading (OFT),
	the Consumer Panel,
	the Lord Chief Justice, and
	such other persons as the Board considers it reasonable to consult regarding the application.
85.Paragraphs 6 to 9 set out the duties of the consultees:
	The OFT and the Consumer Panel must give advice to the Board in respect of the application, as they think fit.
	The OFT must, in particular, consider whether granting an application would, or would be likely to, restrict, distort or prevent competition within the market for reserved legal services. The Consumer Panel must have regard to the likely impact that granting an application would have on consumers.
	Those other persons whom the Board considers it reasonable to consult may give advice in respect of the application.
	The Lord Chief Justice must then consider this advice, and give advice to the Board regarding whether the application should be granted. The Lord Chief Justice must, in particular, have regard to the likely impact of granting an application on the courts in England and Wales.
86.Paragraph 10 allows the consultees, for the purpose of giving advice, to ask that the applicant, or any other person, provide additional specified information.
87.The Board (which must make rules governing the making of representations) must give the applicant copies of any of the advice given by consultees. The applicant may make representations to the Board within the time period specified in paragraph 11.
88.Paragraph 12 of the Schedule explains that once the period for representations has passed, the Board must publish any advice provided by the consultees and any representations made. This does not prevent anyone who has given advice under paragraphs 6 to 9, or made a representation under paragraph 11, from publishing that material. Any publisher must, so far as practicable, exclude any matter which relates to the private affairs of a particular individual whose interests might be affected, seriously and prejudicially, by publication.
89.The Board must make rules specifying how it will determine applications. Paragraph 13 sets out the criteria that the Board must apply when determining an application.
90.Paragraph 14 sets out the procedure that the Board must follow in considering its decision. It must consider the advice and representations referred to in paragraph 85 of these Explanatory Notes, above, as well as any other information that it considers relevant, and then decide whether to grant the application. The Board may grant the application in whole or in part, and must give notice in writing of its decision to the applicant, and publish this notice.
91.Paragraph 15 states that the Board must give its decision within twelve months, beginning with the day on which the application is made to the Board. The Board may extend this decision period by issuing and publishing a notice, only after consultation with the OFT, the Consumer Panel, and the Lord Chief Justice.
92.Under paragraph 16, where an application is granted, the Board must recommend to the Lord Chancellor that an order be made designating the body as an approved regulator in relation to the appropriate reserved legal activity or activities. Where the application relates to more than one reserved legal activity, the Board may grant it in relation to all or some of those activities. The Board must publish its recommendation.
93.The Lord Chancellor may then make an order in accordance with the recommendation (or a part of it), or refuse to make such an order. Paragraph 17 sets out the procedure for doing this. If the Lord Chancellor decides not to make an order, the Lord Chancellor must give the applicant and the Board notice of that decision and of the reasons for it, and publish this notice.
94.Part 3 of the Schedule sets out how alterations to the regulatory arrangements of an approved regulator must be approved. If an approved regulator alters its regulatory arrangements, the alteration will not have effect until it is approved for the purposes of this Act. An alteration can include an addition to the arrangements, or a revocation of any part. Paragraph 19 sets out the circumstances in which an alteration will be approved.
95.Paragraph 20 provides that the Board may make rules specifying the way in which an application by an approved regulator to alter its regulatory arrangements must be made, and makes certain requirements as to the material that must accompany the application. Paragraph 21 sets out what the Board must do on receipt of an application. It may grant the application, or it may issue and publish a notice stating that it is considering whether to refuse the application.
96.Under paragraph 22, where the Board has given the approved regulator a notice, it may invite such persons as it considers appropriate to give it advice regarding whether the application should be granted. The consultees may, for the purpose of giving advice, ask that the approved regulator, or any other person, to provide additional information.
97.The Board must give the approved regulator copies of any of the advice given above. The approved regulator may make representations to the Board within 28 days, or such longer period as the Board allows, as specified in paragraph 23 of the Schedule. The Board must make rules governing the making of representations.
98.Paragraph 24 of the Schedule requires that once the period for representations has passed, the Board must publish the advice and representations. This does not prevent anyone who has given advice under paragraph 22, or made a representation under paragraph 23, from publishing that material. Any publisher must, so far as practicable, exclude any matter which relates to the private affairs of a particular individual whose interests might be seriously and prejudicially affected by publication.
99.Paragraph 25 sets out the material that the Board is required to consider before deciding whether to grant the application. The Board may grant the application in whole or in part, and must give notice in writing of its decision to the applicant, and publish this notice. The Board may refuse the application only if it is satisfied that one of the conditions set out in sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 25 is met. If the Board decides to refuse the application, it must specify the reasons in its published notice.
100.Paragraph 26 provides that if the Board does not give the approved regulator notice of its decision within the decision period (twelve months), then the application is deemed to have been granted. The Board may extend the decision period with the consent of the Lord Chancellor. The total decision period must not exceed eighteen months.